Sitaphal (Sharifa): The Sweet and Nutritious Custard Apple

Sitaphal, also known as Sharifa, is a delicious and creamy tropical fruit that is widely loved for its sweet taste, grainy texture, and numerous health benefits. Scientifically known as Annona squamosa, this fruit belongs to the Annonaceae family and is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America.

Etymology and Names Across Regions

Sitaphal is known by various names across different regions:

• Sitaphal (सीताफल) – Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit
• Sharifa (शरीफा) – Urdu, Hindi, and Punjabi
• Custard Apple – English
• Sugar Apple – English (sometimes confused with cherimoya)
• Annona Squamosa – Scientific Name
• Ata (আতা) – Bengali
• Seethapazham (சீதாப்பழம்) – Tamil
• Seetaphalam (సీతాఫలం) – Telugu
• Sharifa (شریفہ) – Arabic and Persian Influence

Connection to Mythology: Sitaphal in Ramayana

The name Sitaphal (सीताफल) literally means "Sita’s fruit." According to popular belief, the fruit is associated with Goddess Sita from the epic Ramayana. Some legends suggest that when Sita was in exile in the forests with Lord Rama, she discovered this fruit and loved its unique taste. Thus, it became known as Sitaphal in many parts of India.

Sharifa: A Name of Royalty and Spirituality

In Muslim communities of India and Pakistan, the fruit is popularly called Sharifa (शरीफा / شریفہ), which means "noble" or "respected" in Arabic. The term Sharifa is derived from the Arabic word “Sharif,” meaning "honored" or "respected." The association with this name is likely due to the fruit’s rich, creamy texture and its esteemed status among tropical fruits.

Botanical and Physical Description

• Shape & Size: The fruit is round or heart-shaped with a green, scaly skin resembling reptile scales.
• Pulp & Seeds: The inside contains white, creamy flesh with black seeds. The flesh is soft, aromatic, and very sweet, similar to custard.
• Taste: The taste is a combination of banana, pineapple, and vanilla, making it highly desirable for desserts and smoothies.

Nutritional Value and Health Benefits

Sitaphal is not just delicious but also packed with nutrients:

1. Rich in Vitamins and Antioxidants

• Vitamin C: Boosts immunity and fights infections.
• Vitamin B6: Supports brain function and relieves stress.
• Vitamin A: Promotes good eyesight and skin health.

2. High in Fiber – Good for Digestion

• The fruit is rich in dietary fiber, which aids digestion, prevents constipation, and improves gut health.

3. Natural Energy Booster

• Contains natural sugars (glucose & fructose), making it a great source of instant energy.

4. Good for Heart Health

• Rich in potassium and magnesium, which regulates blood pressure and prevents heart diseases.

5. Beneficial for Diabetics (in Moderation)

• Low glycemic index (GI) helps regulate blood sugar levels.

6. Strengthens Bones

• Calcium & Magnesium content improves bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

7. Anti-Cancer Properties

• Contains acetogenins, which have been studied for their potential to fight cancer cells.

8. Promotes Healthy Skin & Hair

• Antioxidants fight wrinkles, aging, and dull skin.
• Vitamin B6 and iron help in hair growth and preventing hair loss.

Uses of Sitaphal / Sharifa

Sitaphal is widely used in various dishes and remedies:

1. Culinary Uses

• Eaten Raw: Most commonly enjoyed fresh as a fruit.
• Custard and Ice Creams: Used in desserts, milkshakes, and smoothies.
• Pulp Extraction: Used in preparing custard, cakes, and sweets.
• Juices and Beverages: A common ingredient in tropical fruit drinks.

2. Medicinal Uses

• Used in Ayurveda and Unani Medicine for its cooling effect on the body.
• A remedy for diarrhea and dysentery in traditional medicine.
• Leaves are used in herbal treatments for diabetes and inflammation.

3. Beauty and Skin Care

• Used in face masks for glowing skin.
• Oil from seeds is used to treat lice and dandruff.

Varieties of Custard Apple in India & Worldwide

There are several types of custard apples found in different regions:

1. Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple / Sitaphal / Sharifa) – Most common in India and Pakistan.
2. Annona cherimola (Cherimoya) – Found in South America, larger and creamier than Sitaphal.
3. Annona reticulata (Bullock’s Heart / Ramphal) – Related species with red skin, slightly less sweet.
4. Annona muricata (Soursop / Lakshman Phal) – Has a tangy taste, believed to have anti-cancer properties.

Sitaphal and Environmental Importance

• The custard apple tree is drought-resistant, making it ideal for semi-arid regions.
• It helps in preventing soil erosion and improving biodiversity.

Sitaphal (Sharifa) is a unique and valuable fruit, not just because of its delicious taste, but also for its cultural significance, historical connections, and immense health benefits. Whether you call it Sitaphal from Ramayana’s legend or Sharifa among Muslims, this fruit has been cherished across generations. Its creamy sweetness, medicinal properties, and connection to folklore make it a truly special fruit that continues to be loved across India, Pakistan, and the world.